Physiotherapy for all
Thyroid cancer
Thyroid cancer is an abnormal thyroid tissue that grows faster than normal because of excessive cell division. Growth also continues when the stimulation for the multiplication of cells ceases.
All organs in the body (thyroid, lung, kidneys, etc.) contain different types of cells to perform several functions.
When the cells are born, they are immature and unable to perform tasks such as mature.
Over time, these cells grow and become mature, then changing structure and specialized to perform the specific functions of the body to which they belong. The cell thus differs from those of the rest of the body.
The tumor:
Well differentiated means that cells have the appearance, the size and the shape of those of the body suffering from tumor.
undifferentiated immature cells that are unable to perform the duties of the affected organ of tumor.
Anatomy of the thyroid
The thyroid is a gland located in the front part of the neck to the base of the throat. Thyroid tumors may be:
Benign (not cancerous) masses,
Malignant (cancerous) training.
Examples of benign tumors are adenomas that secrete thyroid hormones.
Malignant tumors are rare, the incidence is higher among women than among men.
Thyroid adenomas grow to the level of the cell layers lining the inner surface of the thyroid gland.
Adenoma secretes thyroid hormone. If it secretes too, this can cause hyperthyroidism.
Goiter non-toxic thyroid nodules that do not work.
Toxic Nodular goiter - nodules work.
Basedow-hyperactivity disease diffuse of the thyroid gland.
Hashimoto thyroiditis - autoimmune destruction of the gland.
Solitary thyroid nodule - 15-25% are cysts and they can be vacuumed.
De Quervain's Thyroiditis - neck pain, fever and lethargy after an infection of the upper respiratory tract or viral disease.
Acute thyroiditis HS - it is the result of bacterial or fungal infections that cause an abscess.
Treatment for thyroid cancer
There are treatments for all patients with thyroid cancer.
Four types of treatment are used:
Surgery (removal of the cancer),
Radiation therapy (using high-dose x-rays or other high-energy rays to kill cancer cells).
Thyroid, usually the treatment with radioactive iodine, which consists of taking a pill,
Hormone therapy (taking drugs with hormones to stop the growth of cancer cells),
Chemotherapy (medication to kill cancer cells). This treatment is generally not used, except in the case of advanced with distant metastases cancer.
Surgery is the most common treatment for thyroid cancer.
Testimony of a patient who had an ablation of the thyroid because of a malignant tumor
Malignant nodule in a lobe of the thyroid
Pre-operative
First of all, on my own initiative, I did an ultrasound. This resulted in a slightly calcified nodule.
I was sent to the Endocrinology Department where it has submitted to an Fna (fine needle puncture).
After a month, I was told that the lump was malignant.
In my case, it was category T4 and a genetic test was also conducted to confirm malignancy (this is a new test).
I met the Endocrinologist and the otorhinolaryngologiste because the depths operates the thyroid.
We decided together to remove it completely (you can also remove only half).
If there is a part of the body, dose the Pramipexol can be difficult because the remaining part still produces thyroid hormones. In addition, it is not possible to track the radioactive iodine treatment.
The following years, if we find other nodules or metastases, must undergo another surgery to remove the part of remaining thyroid.
They called me to give me the day of the surgery.
A few days before the operation, need to go to the hospital for pre-surgery tests, including blood tests.
Hospitalization and surgery
I was hospitalized for three nights. During the postoperative phase, it is necessary to control the doses of calcium and the drainage must be cleaned.
Until the drainages are not clean, and calcium is not the correct values, it is not possible to get out of the hospital.
The risks of surgery are damage to the vocal cords. The voice may not return as before. Therefore go to the therapist.
Another possible side effect is damage to the parathyroid glands, which are related to the metabolism of calcium.
In case of problems, take food supplements of calcium to life.
The intervention lasts for about 1 hour, but me, I came at 7:30 and I went back to my room around 11 h 30 - 12 h 00.
The surgery is performed under general anesthesia.
Post-operative
A few days are needed to dispel the effects of the anesthesia even if they drop quickly after waking up.
The first night, it is difficult to sleep because of the pain, and this, despite taking morphine and other painkillers.
You feel a pain in the neck, in the place where the drainages are attached as well as in the jaw because the spreader that has been in the mouth to breathe caused discomfort.
After 3 nights, I am out of the hospital.
The return to work took place after a month. My condition improved gradually.
We must find the right mix of Levothyrox.
The radioactive iodine treatment
After four months, I was told to follow a treatment with radioactive iodine.
I was again hospitalized. Take one tablet personalized, based on different factors.
I shared my room with another lady, but we were in isolation. No one could enter because of the risk of radiation.
We communicate with the nurses by phone.
When we eliminate radioactive iodine, which means that the values fall below a level of security, we can get out of the hospital.
For 12 days, he must stay away from other people. It is possible to be close to others for a time very limited.
Even the clothes should be washed separately and they advised me to use plastic plates to avoid harming other people.
I was in my apartment alone and my husband moved with her mother.
Of course, I didn't work.
Treatment for each stage of the cancer of the thyroid
Thyroid cancer treatment depends on:
The type;
The stage of the disease.
Age,.
Of the general health of the patient.
Papillary carcinoma and follicular cancer of the thyroid in the first stage
Treatment may be:Surgery surgery to remove one lobe of the thyroid (Lobectomy), followed by hormone therapy. Radioactive iodine can also be administered after surgery.
An operation to remove any thyroid (total thyroidectomy).
In some cases, we can also operate pregnant women, but the surgeon has to use a local anaesthetic.
Cancer papillary and follicular thyroid in stage II
Treatment options include:
Surgery to remove one lobe of the thyroid and lymph nodes that contain cells cancerous, followed by hormone therapy. Then, the doctor may prescribe radioactive iodine, but if the patient is a pregnant woman, she can't do this treatment.
Surgery to remove the thyroid.
Papillary cancer of the thyroid in stage 3
The treatment is chosen from among the following options:
Surgery to remove all of the thyroid (total thyroidectomy) and
Ultrasound, lymph nodes, cancer, thyroid, metastases
Ultrasound of a cancer of the lymph node of the thyroideles lymph nodes where cancer has spread.
Total thyroidectomy followed by a radiation therapy with radioactive iodine or external radiation.
Cancer thyroid vesicullaire or follicular in stage 3
Treatment may be:
An operation to remove all of the thyroid (total thyroidectomy) and the lymph nodes or other tissues all about thyroid where the tumor has spread.
A total thyroidectomy followed of radioactive iodine or external radiation therapy.
Stage IV papillary or follicular cancer
Treatment may be one of the following:
Radioactive iodine.
External radiotherapy.
Hormone therapy.
Chemotherapy.
Medullary thyroid cancer
The chosen treatment will probably be surgery to remove thyroid (total thyroidectomy) all, except if there are metastases in other parts of the body.
If the lymph nodes in the neck contain cancer cells, the surgeon removed the lymph nodes of the neck (the lymph nodes dissection).
If the cancer has spread to other parts of the body, the doctor may prescribe chemotherapy.
Metastases are usually in:
The bones,
The lungs,
The liver.
Anaplastic Carcinoma of the thyroid
Treatment may be one of the following:
Surgery to remove the thyroid gland and surrounding tissue.
Because this cancer generally invades surrounding tissue very quickly, the doctor is likely to remove a part of the trachea.
The doctor must then create an airway in the throat to allow the patient to breathe. This procedure is called a tracheotomy.
A thyroidectomy is used to reduce the symptoms if the disease remains in the area of the thyroid.
External radiation therapy.
Chemotherapy.
Studies are underway on new methods of treatment of thyroid cancer.
Recurrent thyroid cancer
The choice of treatment depends on:
The type of thyroid cancer.
The type of treatment in the past.
The area in which the cancer cost.
Treatment may be one of the following solutions:
Surgery with or without radioactive iodine.
Radiotherapy external to relieve symptoms caused by the cancer.
Chemotherapy.
Radioactive iodine.
Radiation therapy given during surgery.
Prognosis of the patient with thyroid cancer
Anaplastic carcinoma can cause death if it is not treated quickly.
In other cases, the prognosis for thyroid cancer is excellent since survival at 5 years after the diagnosis exceeds 90% in the case of differentiated cancer.
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